Gastroenteritis, commonly referred to as stomach flu, is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines that results in symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and sometimes fever. This condition is typically caused by viral infections, with norovirus and rotavirus being the most common culprits. Bacterial infections from organisms like Salmonella, E. coli, or Campylobacter can also lead to gastroenteritis, often associated with contaminated food or water. In some cases, parasitic infections or reactions to medications, such as antibiotics, may cause similar symptoms. Gastroenteritis spreads through contact with infected individuals, contaminated food or water, or surfaces contaminated with pathogens. Treatment primarily focuses on managing symptoms and preventing dehydration. Ensuring adequate hydration is crucial, as vomiting and diarrhea can lead to significant fluid loss. Oral rehydration solutions, clear broths, and electrolyte drinks can help replace lost fluids and electrolytes. In cases of bacterial gastroenteritis, antibiotics may be prescribed if the specific bacteria causing the infection are identified. For viral gastroenteritis, antiviral medications are not usually effective, so treatment centers around supportive care. Eating bland foods, such as toast, rice, or bananas, once vomiting subsides, can help settle the stomach. Resting and avoiding irritants, like caffeine or alcohol, can aid recovery. If symptoms are severe, persistent, or accompanied by high fever, blood in stools, or signs of dehydration, seeking medical attention is essential for appropriate treatment and to rule out more serious conditions.
